1. The concept of “separation of powers” in the U.S. government divides power among which three branches?
A. Federal, State, Local
B. Executive, Legislative, Judicial
C. Military, Congressional, Presidential
D. Senate, House of Representatives, Supreme Court
Answer: B. Executive, Legislative, Judicial
Explanation: This system, proposed by Montesquieu, prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful. The President leads the Executive, Congress the Legislative, and the Courts the Judicial branch.
2. What was the main goal of the Progressive Movement in the early 20th century?
A. To promote industrial growth at any cost
B. To address problems caused by industrialization and urbanization
C. To expand territorial holdings overseas
D. To encourage immigration
Answer: B. To address problems caused by industrialization and urbanization
Explanation: Progressives sought to correct social injustices, improve working conditions, regulate big business, and make government more responsive to the people.
3. Which of these is a responsibility of U.S. citizenship?
A. Attending college
B. Serving on a jury
C. Owning property
D. Voting in every election
Answer: B. Serving on a jury
Explanation: While voting is a right and a civic duty, serving on a jury is a legal obligation (responsibility) of citizenship. The other options are not required.
4. The economic concept of “supply and demand” determines which of the following?
A. Tax rates
B. The price of goods and services
C. Government spending
D. International treaties
Answer: B. The price of goods and services
Explanation: In a market economy, the price is largely determined by the relationship between supply (how much is available) and demand (how much people want it).
5. What is the primary function of the United Nations (UN)?
A. To regulate global trade
B. To promote international peace and security
C. To establish a world government
D. To manage the global economy
Answer: B. To promote international peace and security
Explanation: Founded after WWII, the UN’s main purpose is to maintain international peace, develop friendly relations among nations, and achieve cooperation in solving global problems.
